Menu
What is Gecko Driver?
- Selenium Firefox Driver
- Org Openqa Selenium Client Driver For Mac Org.openqa.selenium.webdriverexception Timed Out Waiting
- Below is the code to set GeckoDriver path on Mac OS X for Selenium WebDriver. Now let us see the example to launch firefox browser with Selenium 3 using gecko driver. Package com.test; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver. If you are facing an issue like org.openqa.selenium.remote.ProtocolHandshake createSession with.
- We have to download the seperate drivers to start the session on chrome browser on MAC using Selenium webdriver. To start any third party browser (Chrome, Opera etc.) Chrome browser on MAC using Selenium we have to use some drivers which will interact with the browsers.
- Dear friends, I got a problem with webdriver on MAC OS, can not open firefox. Here below is my code. Firefox version is 45.01 esr. Can anyone help?
- Below is where you can find the latest releases of all the Selenium components. You can also find a list of previous releases, source code, and additional information for Maven users (Maven is a popular Java build tool).
Dear friends, I got a problem with webdriver on MAC OS, can not open firefox. Here below is my code. Firefox version is 45.01 esr. Can anyone help?
The term Gecko stands for a Web Browser engine that is inbuilt within Mozilla Firefox browser. Gecko driver acts as a proxy between Web Driver enabled clients(Eclipse, Netbeans, etc.) and Mozilla Firefox browser. In short, Gecko driver acts as a link between Selenium Web Driver tests and Mozilla Firefox browser.
Before Selenium 3, Mozilla Firefox browser was the default browser for Selenium. After Selenium 3, testers need to initialize the script to use Firefox using GeckoDriver explicitly. Selenium uses W3C Webdriver protocol to send requests to GeckoDriver, which translates them into a protocol named Marionette. Firefox will understand the commands transmitted in the form of Marionette protocol and executes them.
Advantage of using Gecko Driver
Selenium Webdriver version 2.53 is not compatible with Mozilla Firefox version 47.0+. The Firefox driver used in earlier versions of Mozilla Firefox will be discontinued, and only the GeckoDriver implementation would be used. Hence testers are forced to use GeckoDriver if they want to run automated tests on Mozilla Firefox version 47.0+. But the big question - what is the advantage?
The major advantage of using GeckoDriver as opposed to the default Firefox driver is Compatibility. GeckoDriver uses W3C WebDriver protocol to communicate with Selenium. W3C is a universally defined standard for Web Driver. This means Selenium Developers (People who code Selenium base) need not create a new version of Web Driver for each browser version. The same Web Driver can be used for multiple browser versions. Hence, GeckoDriver is preferred compared to the earlier implementation of Firefox driver.
Download and Install Gecko Driver:
Gecko Driver is available as an executable file that can be downloaded on the system. The following are the list of steps to download gecko driver.
Step 1 ) At this page https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases ,Select the appropriate version for GeckoDriver download based on your operating system
Step 2) Once the ZIP file download is complete, extract the contents of ZIP File onto a file folder
Step 3) Note the location where you extracted the driver. Location will be used later to instantiate the driver.
Ways to initialize GeckoDriver:
There are three different ways to initialize GeckoDriver.
1. Using DesiredCapabilities:
First, set the system property for Gecko Driver.
Syntax:
Example:
Next, set Desired Capabilities.
Desired Capabilities help Selenium to understand the browser name, version and operating system to execute the automated tests. Below is the code to set gecko driver using DesiredCapabilities class.
Here is the complete code
2. Using marionette property:
Gecko driver can also be initialized using marionette property as below
If gecko driver is initialized using the above method, code for desired capabilities is not required.
3. Using FirefoxOptions:
Mozilla Firefox version 47+ has marionette driver as a legacy system. Taking advantage of this, marionette driver can be called using Firefox Options as below
Code for launching firefox using Gecko driver :
Code Explanation:
@Before method:
Initially, we need to set the system property for gecko driver to the geckdriver.exe file download location. We need to set the marionette property to true for Selenium to use Marionette protocol to communicate with Gecko Driver. Finally, we need to start the Firefox browser instance using the object for Desired Capabilities.
The below statements help to achieve the above task.
@Test method:
We are navigating to user-specified URL using the inbuilt 'get' method provided by Selenium web driver. The below statement help to achieve the same.
@After method:
Finally, we are closing the browser instance using the quit method.
Modify a script for non- Gecko to Gecko:
Non-gecko driver script used before Selenium 3 was straightforward. We need to create an instance of Firefox driver and use the instance variable.
To convert to gecko, you need to simply add one line of code
Common exceptions occurred while using Gecko Driver:
Following is a list of common exceptions that occur while using Gecko Driver and with resolution.
1. The path to driver executable must be set by webdriver.gecko.driver system property:
This exception occurs when user tries to instantiate Firefox driver without setting the system property for gecko driver. This is usually done by beginners to Selenium who are not aware of the changes made from Selenium 3 to Selenium previous versions.
The resolution for the above exception is to set the system property for gecko driver with the location of geckodriver.exe file as below
Please note that you need to set the property of gecko driver before creating an instance of Mozilla Firefox driver.
2. Firefox Not Connected Exception:
This exception usually occurs when Firefox version has been upgraded to the latest version. The resolution for this exception is to update the selenium jar file and gecko driver to the latest version and use the same.
3. Session Not Created Exception:
This exception occurs due to compatibility issues between Selenium and Gecko driver. Gecko driver works with Firefox version 47 or above. It can be resolved by updating Firefox version to 47 or above.
4. Connection Refused Exception:
This exception is the message generated when web driver is unable to establish a connection with Firefox. It can be resolved using any one of the following techniques.
- Use driver.quit() method to destroy earlier instances of web driver
- Clean the browser cache before executing your automated tests
- Clean the project workspace within Eclipse IDE
- Always use the latest version of selenium gecko driver and most recent version of Firefox browser
In this tutorial, we will install Webdriver (Java only) and Configure Eclipse
Step 1 - Install Java on your computer
Download and install the Java Software Development Kit (JDK)here.
Next –
This JDK version comes bundled with Java Runtime Environment (JRE), so you do not need to download and install the JRE separately.
Once installation is complete, open command prompt and type “java”. If you see the following screen you are good to move to the next step
Step 2 - Install Eclipse IDE
Download latest version of 'Eclipse IDE for Java Developers'here. Be sure to choose correctly between Windows 32 Bit and 64 Bit versions.
You should be able to download an exe file named 'eclipse-inst-win64' for Setup.
Double-click on file to Install the Eclipse. A new window will open. Click Eclipse IDE for Java Developers.
After that, a new window will open which click button marked 1 and change path to 'C:eclipse'. Post that Click on Install button marked 2
After successful completion of the installation procedure, a window will appear. On that window click on Launch
Selenium Firefox Driver
This will start eclipse neon IDE for you.
Org Openqa Selenium Client Driver For Mac Org.openqa.selenium.webdriverexception Timed Out Waiting
Step 3 - Download the Selenium Java Client Driver
You can download the Selenium Java Client Driverhere. You will find client drivers for other languages there, but only choose the one for Java.
This download comes as a ZIP file named 'selenium-2.25.0.zip'. For simplicity, extract the contents of this ZIP file on your C drive so that you would have the directory 'C:selenium-2.25.0'. This directory contains all the JAR files that we would later import on Eclipse.
Step 4 - Configure Eclipse IDE with WebDriver
- Launch the 'eclipse.exe' file inside the 'eclipse' folder that we extracted in step 2. If you followed step 2 correctly, the executable should be located on C:eclipseeclipse.exe.
- When asked to select for a workspace, just accept the default location.
3. Create a new project through File > New > Java Project. Name the project as 'newproject'.
A new pop-up window will open enter details as follow
- Project Name
- Location to save project
- Select an execution JRE
- Select layout project option
- Click on Finish button
4. In this step,
- Right-click on the newly created project and
- Select New > Package, and name that package as 'newpackage'.
A pop-up window will open to name the package,
- Enter the name of the package
- Click on Finish button
5. Create a new Java class under newpackage by right-clicking on it and then selecting- New > Class, and then name it as 'MyClass'. Your Eclipse IDE should look like the image below.
When you click on Class, a pop-up window will open, enter details as
- Name of the class
- Click on Finish button
This is how it looks like after creating class.
Now selenium WebDriver's into Java Build Path
In this step,
- Right-click on 'newproject' and select Properties.
- On the Properties dialog, click on 'Java Build Path'.
- Click on the Libraries tab, and then
- Click on 'Add External JARs..'
When you click on 'Add External JARs..' It will open a pop-up window. Select the JAR files you want to add.
After selecting jar files, click on OK button.
Select all files inside the lib folder.
Select files outside lib folder
Once done, click 'Apply and Close' button
6. Add all the JAR files inside and outside the 'libs' folder. Your Properties dialog should now look similar to the image below.
7. Finally, click OK and we are done importing Selenium libraries into our project.
Different Drivers
HTMLUnit and Firefox are two browsers that WebDriver can directly automate - meaning that no other separate component is needed to install or run while the test is being executed. For other browsers, a separate program is needed. That program is called as the Driver Server.
A driver server is different for each browser. For example, Internet Explorer has its own driver server which you cannot use on other browsers. Below is the list of driver servers and the corresponding browsers that use them.
You can download these drivers hereBrowser | Name of Driver Server | Remarks |
HTMLUnit | HtmlUnitDriver | WebDriver can drive HTMLUnit using HtmlUnitDriver as driver server |
Firefox | Mozilla GeckoDriver | WebDriver can drive Firefox without the need of a driver server Starting Firefox 45 & above one needs to use gecko driver created by Mozilla for automation |
Internet Explorer | Internet Explorer Driver Server | Available in 32 and 64-bit versions. Use the version that corresponds to the architecture of your IE |
Chrome | ChromeDriver | Though its name is just 'ChromeDriver', it is, in fact, a Driver Server, not just a driver. The current version can support versions higher than Chrome v.21 |
Opera | OperaDriver | Though its name is just 'OperaDriver', it is, in fact, a Driver Server, not just a driver. |
PhantomJS | GhostDriver | PhantomJS is another headless browser just like HTMLUnit. |
Safari | SafariDriver | Though its name is just 'SafariDriver', it is, in fact, a Driver Server, not just a driver. |
Summary
Aside from a browser, you will need the following to start using WebDriver
- Java Development Kit (JDK).http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html
- Eclipse IDE - http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/
- Java Client Driver - http://seleniumhq.org/download/
When starting a WebDriver project in Eclipse, do not forget to import the Java Client Driver files onto your project. These files will constitute your Selenium Library.
With new version of Selenium, there is no browser that you can automate without the use of a Driver Server.